I’m revisiting communication this week because someone made me realize that I wasn’t communicating clearly in an earlier article. Ironic, huh? In projects (as in the rest of life), effective communication can prevent a lot of problems and make things run more smoothly. Here is an assortment of thoughts and tips on communicating clearly (followed by links to courses when you want to dig deeper).
- It is primarily the sender/speaker’s responsibility to make sure that recipients understand the message. You’ll find this in PMI documentation, but really, it’s common sense. Communication is about conveying information to someone else, whether it’s notification, decision-making, problem-solving, and so on. To succeed, make your message as easy to understand as possible and confirm that the recipient understands. Recipients have a responsibility to ask for clarification if they don’t understand. They should also ensure that they have interpreted the message correctly.
- Take the time to communicate clearly. Have you ever dashed off a quick email or sent a text that you immediately regretted? You probably spent tons of time fixing the results of those misunderstood messages. Don’t rush. Take the time up front to think through what you’re trying to accomplish, how to communicate that, and how you can keep your message from being misconstrued.
- Listen well. In conversations and meetings, everyone has a responsibility to listen and listen well. That means no scrolling on mobiles, multi-tasking on laptops, texting, or daydreaming. Plus, different situations require different types of listening. (The course Effective Listening, linked below, talks about this.)
- Give people time to think. Like listening, in conversations and meetings, people don’t get as much time to think things through as they do when they’re writing. Quick responses might miss important information. Keep in mind, some people, such as introverts, often need time to gather their thoughts. If you’re facilitating a meeting, give people time to think, and also make sure every voice has an opportunity to be heard. If you’re one of those people who needs time to think, don’t be afraid to ask for it.
- Consider the audience. In project management, there’s a communication management plan that spells out what is communicated, to whom, in what manner, and how often. Step through a mini-communication plan for each message or interaction: what are you trying to communicate, who should you communicate to, what’s the best method to use, and when. Consider cultural norms, too. I’ve included a link to a course on communicating across cultures.
Methods
There are a lot of methods and tools for interacting with others and they all have their pros and cons. You might be constrained by the tools available in your organization. You might have your own personal preferences. Keep in mind, the goal is to communicate successfully, so choose wisely.
- Text-based communication in general. Text can communicate different types of information, but vocal inflection, facial expressions, and body language is lost. Humor doesn’t come across (and emojis don’t help). When using text, write, review, and edit to produce a clear message. Consider how information might be misunderstood and adjust your delivery accordingly.
- Documents, spreadsheets, graphs, infographics, etc. For larger amounts of information or complex topics, different types of files help communicate clearly. Documents are great for organizing a lot of information and are searchable. Spreadsheets are great for numbers and calculations. Use graphs, charts, and tables to help convey and highlight key information. Infographics help summarize. Files require management: they need to be stored so people can find, access, search, and collaborate on them.
- Email. Email is versatile. It can handle longer messages, formatting, and attachments. It is searchable. It can be asynchronous (if recipients turn off notifications when they need to concentrate). But people often misuse email, because they use it casually. Files are attached instead of stored in a shared location, proliferating copies. Reply-all is overused. Action items are buried at the end.
- Texts. Texts are great for quick and immediate confirmation. They’re also disruptive and people have grown to expect immediate responses. Texts aren’t searchable. They can take longer to resolve situations than a phone call or face-to-face exchange. For long messages, it’s probably faster to type on a computer keyboard than on a phone.
- Collaboration tools in general. These come in all shapes and sizes, so be mindful of their strengths and limitations when you use them. Also keep in mind that these tools often increase distractions and information overload, promote expectations of immediate response, blur work/life boundaries, and more.
- Face-to-face interaction. This method provides all the information that comes from inflection, facial expressions and body language. It also helps build relationships between people. But it can take longer with time spent on social niceties and digressions. Conversations must be documented to confirm the information discussed and to share with others.
- Meetings in general. Meetings are necessary when you need to collaborate with others in real time, such as brainstorming, making decisions, and emotionally sensitive topics. Meetings are often dreaded because they are misused in many ways. They can be huge timewasters if too many people are invited, don’t have an agenda, people show up late and topics restart, don’t manage time, allow digressions, don’t track actions items, use all the time reserved instead of the time that’s needed, and so on. Always ask yourself whether a meeting is required before scheduling one.
- Video conference. Video and audio provide inflection, facial expressions, and body language. It helps build relationships and is especially helpful when teams are geographically dispersed. If not run well, video meetings can make people tune out, multi-task, and lose productivity.
- Telephone. Telephone calls can resolve some things quickly but can also address meatier conversations. They don’t provide facial expressions and body language. They are disruptive, because most people consider a telephone ringing as urgent even when they aren’t important.
This is not a comprehensive list! It’s an overview of my thoughts on communicating clearly. There is a lot more to it, so I’ve included several links to LinkedIn Learning courses on communication. And there are many more courses that dive deeper on the topic in the LinkedIn Learning library. Communicating clearly is a powerful skill, so it’s worth developing.
Communication Foundations (Tatiana Kolovou and Brenda Bailey-Hughes)
https://www.linkedin.com/learning/communication-foundations-23064093
Communication Tips (Tatiana Kolovou and Brenda Bailey-Hughes)
https://www.linkedin.com/learning/communication-tips-23012499
Communicating Across Cultures (Tatiana Kolovou)
https://www.linkedin.com/learning/communicating-across-cultures-2023
Effective Listening (Tatiana Kolovou and Brenda Bailey-Hughes)
https://www.linkedin.com/learning/effective-listening-28116108
Improving Your Listening Skills (Dorie Clark)
https://www.linkedin.com/learning/improving-your-listening-skills-19238090
Interpersonal Communication (Dorie Clark)
https://www.linkedin.com/learning/interpersonal-communication-22638889
Coming Up
I’m starting to work on updating a couple of my courses. Stay tuned for updates!
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This article belongs to the Bonnie’s Project Pointers newsletter series, which has more than 104,000 subscribers. This newsletter is 100% written by a human (no aliens or AIs involved). If you like this article, you can subscribe to receive notifications when a new article posts.
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